Kecuali Mac OS X Server 1.0 dan rilis beta, versi OS X diberi nama kucing besar hingga OS X 10.9 Maveriks, ketika Apple beralih menggunakan lokasi di California. Sebelum dirilis, Mac OS X 10.0 memiliki kode 'Cheetah' dan Mac OS X 10.1 memilliki kode 'Puma' secara internal. 때문에 애플은 공식홈페이지에서도 macOS를 UNIX로 설명한다. 'macOS combines a proven UNIX foundation with the easy-to-use Mac interface to bring industrial-strength computing to the desktop.' MacOS는 현존하는 유일한 PC용 유닉스 운영체제이며 완전한 UNIX이기에 Unix-like라고 표기되지 않는다. The macOS Mojave 10.14.1 update improves the stability, compatibility and security of your Mac, and is recommended for all users. Mac OS X Tiger (10.4) Mac OS X Panther (10.3) Threads 54.3K Messages 434.2K. Logic Pro 9 on High Sierra. Today at 5:32 PM; Wowfunhappy; Forums. MacRumors attracts a broad audience of both consumers and professionals interested in the latest technologies and products. We also boast an active community focused on purchasing decisions. When a major new macOS is released, it gets a new name, such as macOS Big Sur. As updates that change the macOS version number become available, this article is updated to show the latest version of that macOS.
macOS Big Sur elevates the most advanced desktop operating system in the world to a new level of power and beauty. Experience Mac to the fullest with a refined new design. Enjoy the biggest Safari update ever. Discover new features for Maps and Messages. Get even more transparency around your privacy.
Chances are, your Mac can run macOS Big Sur
The following models are supported:
- MacBook (2015 or later)
- MacBook Air (2013 or later)
- MacBook Pro (Late 2013 or later)
- Mac mini (2014 or later)
- iMac (2014 or later)
- iMac Pro (2017 or later)
- Mac Pro (2013 or later)
To see which model you have, click the Apple icon in your menu bar and choose About This Mac.
Make sure you’re ready to upgrade.
Before you upgrade, we recommend that you back up your Mac. If your Mac is running OS X Mavericks 10.9 or later, you can upgrade directly to macOS Big Sur. You’ll need the following:
- OS X 10.9 or later
- 4GB of memory
- 35.5GB available storage on macOS Sierra or later*
- Some features require an Apple ID; terms apply.
- Some features require a compatible Internet service provider; charges may apply.
Upgrading is free and easy
Upgrading from macOS Catalina 10.15 or Mojave 10.14?
Go to Software Update in System Preferences to find macOS Big Sur. Click Upgrade Now and follow the onscreen instructions.
Upgrading from an older version of macOS?
If you’re running any release from macOS 10.13 to 10.9, you can upgrade to macOS Big Sur from the App Store. If you’re running Mountain Lion 10.8, you will need to upgrade to El Capitan 10.11 first.
- OS X 10.9 or later
- 4GB of memory
- 35.5GB available storage on macOS Sierra or later*
- Some features require an Apple ID; terms apply.
- Some features require a compatible Internet service provider; charges may apply.
For details about your Mac model, click the Apple icon at the top left of your screen and choose About This Mac. These Mac models are compatible with macOS Big Sur:
- MacBook (2015 or later)
- MacBook Air (2013 or later)
- MacBook Pro (Late 2013 or later)
- Mac mini (2014 or later)
- iMac (2014 or later)
- iMac Pro (2017 or later)
- Mac Pro (2013 or later)
Siri
Requires a broadband Internet connection and microphone (built-in or external).
Hey Siri
Supported by the following Mac models:
- MacBook Pro (2018 or later)
- MacBook Air (2018 or later)
- iMac Pro (2017 or later)
Dictation, Voice Control and Voice Memos
Requires a microphone (built-in or external).
Spotlight Suggestions
Requires a broadband Internet connection.
Gestures
Requires a Multi-Touch trackpad, Force Touch trackpad, Magic Trackpad or Magic Mouse.
Force Touch gestures require a Force Touch trackpad.
VoiceOver gestures require a Multi-Touch trackpad, Force Touch trackpad or Magic Trackpad.
Photo Booth
Requires a FaceTime or iSight camera (built-in or external), or USB video class (UVC) camera.
FaceTime
Audio calls require a microphone (built-in or external) and broadband Internet connection.
Video calls require a built-in FaceTime camera, an iSight camera (built-in or external), or a USB video class (UVC) camera; and broadband Internet connection.
Apple TV
High dynamic range (HDR) video playback is supported by the following Mac models:
- MacBook Pro (2018 or later)
- iMac Pro (2017 or later)
- Mac Pro (2019) with Pro Display XDR
Dolby Atmos soundtrack playback is supported by the following Mac models:
- MacBook Air (2018 or later)
- MacBook Pro (2018 or later)
Sidecar
Supported by the following Mac models:
- MacBook (2016 or later)
- MacBook Air (2018 or later)
- MacBook Pro (2016 or later)
- Mac mini (2018 or later)
- iMac (late 2015 or later)
- iMac Pro (2017 or later)
- Mac Pro (2019)
Supported by all iPad models with Apple Pencil support:
- 12.9-inch iPad Pro
- 11-inch iPad Pro
- 10.5-inch iPad Pro
- 9.7-inch iPad Pro
- iPad (6th generation or later)
- iPad mini (5th generation)
- iPad Air (3rd and 4th generation)
Continuity Camera
Requires an iPhone or iPad that supports iOS 12 or later.
Continuity Sketch and Continuity Markup
Requires an iPhone with iOS 13 or later or an iPad with iPadOS 13 or later.
Handoff
Requires an iPhone or iPad with a Lightning connector or with USB-C and iOS 8 or later.
Instant Hotspot
Requires an iPhone or iPad with cellular connectivity, a Lightning connector or USB-C, and iOS 8.1 or later. Requires Personal Hotspot service through your carrier.
Universal Clipboard
Requires an iPhone or iPad with a Lightning connector or with USB-C and iOS 10 or later.
Auto Unlock
Requires an Apple Watch with watchOS 3 or later or an iPhone 5 or later.
Approve with Apple Watch
Requires an Apple Watch with watchOS 6 or later or an iPhone 6s or later with iOS 13 or later.
Phone Calling
Requires an iPhone with iOS 8 or later and an activated carrier plan.
SMS
Requires an iPhone with iOS 8.1 or later and an activated carrier plan.
Home
Requires an iPhone with iOS 12 or later and a configured Home app.
AirDrop
AirDrop to iOS and iPadOS devices requires an iPhone or iPad with a Lightning connector or with USB-C and iOS 7 or later.
AirPlay
AirPlay Mirroring requires an Apple TV (2nd generation or later).
AirPlay for web video requires an Apple TV (2nd generation or later).
Peer-to-peer AirPlay requires a Mac (2012 or later) and an Apple TV (3rd generation rev A, model A1469 or later) with Apple TV software 7.0 or later.
Time Machine
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Requires an external storage device (sold separately).
Maps electric vehicle routing
Requires an iPhone with iOS 14 and a compatible electric vehicle.
Maps number plate restrictions
Requires an iPhone running iOS 14 or an iPad running iPadOS 14.
Boot Camp
Allows Boot Camp installations of Windows 10 on supported Mac models.
Exchange Support
Requires Microsoft Office 365, Exchange 2016, Exchange 2013 or Exchange Server 2010. Installing the latest Service Packs is recommended.
Windows Migration
Supports OS X 10.7 or later and Windows 7 or later.
App Store
Available only to persons aged 13 or older in the US and many other countries and regions.
Photos
The improved Retouch tool is supported on the following Mac models:
- MacBook Pro (15-inch and 16-inch models) introduced in 2016 or later
- iMac (Retina 5K models) introduced in 2014 or later
- iMac (Retina 4K models) introduced in 2017 or later
- iMac Pro (2017 or later)
- Mac Pro introduced in 2013 or later
- Apple Books
- Apple News
- App Store
- Automator
- Calculator
- Calendar
- Chess
- Contacts
- Dictionary
- DVD Player
- FaceTime
- Find My
- Font Book
- Home
- Image Capture
- Launchpad
- Maps
- Messages
- Mission Control
- Music
- Notes
- Photo Booth
- Photos
- Podcasts
- Preview
- QuickTime Player
- Reminders
- Safari
- Siri
- Stickies
- Stocks
- System Preferences
- TextEdit
- Time Machine
- TV
- Voice Memos
- Activity Monitor
- AirPort Utility
- Audio MIDI Setup
- Bluetooth File Exchange
- Boot Camp Assistant
- ColorSync Utility
- Console
- Digital Color Meter
- Disk Utility
- Grapher
- Keychain Access
- Migration Assistant
- Screenshot
- Screen Time
- Script Editor
- Sidecar
- System Information
- Terminal
- VoiceOver Utility
- Arabic
- Catalan
- Croatian
- Simplified Chinese
- Traditional Chinese
- Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong)
- Czech
- Danish
- Dutch
- English (Australia)
- English (UK)
- English (US)
- Finnish
- French
- French (Canada)
- German
- Greek
- Hebrew
- Hindi
- Hungarian
- Indonesian
- Italian
- Japanese
- Korean
- Malay
- Norwegian
- Polish
- Brazilian Portuguese
- Portuguese
- Romanian
- Russian
- Slovak
- Spanish
- Spanish (Latin America)
- Swedish
- Thai
- Turkish
- Ukrainian
- Vietnamese
For a couple days now I’ve been getting an annoying startup message from an Adobe app that launches at boot time on my MacBook Pro. After I log in and the GUI appears, I get a message that an Adobe application isn’t optimized for my Mac and that it needs to be updated. Uh, ok. If there’s one thing I hate it’s applications that secretly slip a bunch of applications or services in to your machine that launch at system startup or user login. It slows boot time / login time, and at best, these are “helper” applications for applications that you may or may not use during that session. At worst, they’re little tattle-tale phone-home apps that gather information that you don’t really want to share, but somehow agreed to share because you accepted a 200 page EULA that you didn’t read.
First thing I did was what anyone else would do in this scenario. System Preferences > Users and Groups > Login Items.
Hmm. No Adobe apps here, but I know that they’re launching either when the OS loads, or when I log in (or both).
After doing some digging I found out that there are two ways to see everything that loads at either startup and/or user login. The first way is to install one of my “cleaner” apps that will show these items to you via a GUI and let you disable them. These solutions range from free to around $50, but after seeing the uninstallation instructions for a few of them, it seemed that they scattered more garbage across the OS than what I was trying to remove. Not to mention that traditionally apps like this have been known to contain all sorts of malware. No thanks.
The second involves the command line. macOS is one of the closest OS’ we have today to what traditional UNIX was (BSD > NextStep > OSX > macOS), so I’m thankful for that. A system process called launchd loads specifically formatted .plist files, which are essentially XML files that specify applications to launch under certain specific circumstances. The contents of these .plist files could specify that an application launch and run in the background, launch at specified intervals, or run as a result of a specific system event. Applications launched via .plist file can launch with either user permissions or root permissions depending on what is needed. There are a total of five directories where these .plist files are located. They are broken down in to two groups – User and System.
User:
- /Library/LaunchDaemons – Launch when the system boots and runs as root
- /Library/LaunchAgents – Loads when any user logs in and runs as that user
- /Users/username/Library/LaunchAgents – Loads when that user logs in and runs as that user
System:
- /System/Library/LaunchDaemons – Launch when the system boots and runs as root
- /System/Library/LaunchAgents – Loads when any user logs in and runs as that user
You should not remove or edit .plist files that exist in either of the System locations. These files are required for the OS to work properly. After a clean install, with the exception of one or two .com.apple.*.plist files, the User locations are empty, and will slowly populate with scripts as you install new applications. Some of these scripts are important for the applications to function, and some are not.
Security Regarding .plist Files
Let’s take a look at the contents of one. This is a .plist file for VirtualBox that’s located in /Library/LaunchDaemons. It was placed there after installation VirtualBox.
Given the location of this file we known that it will launch when the system starts up, and it will run as the root user. Looking at the XML, we can see that it has a description, is not disabled, will run at load, will run once and then terminate, and the actual action taken is to run a VirtualBoxStartup.sh script that’s located in /Library/Application Support/VirtualBox/LaunchDaemons/VirtualBoxStartup.sh.
I know what some of you are thinking – “Here’s a script that runs as root at system startup. What fun things could we add to that script?” And you’d be right. If the wrong group or user is given permission to modify this file, this could be a security risk. Let’s check permissions on the script, just to make sure.
As we can see here, the owner of the file has read, write and execute permissions. All other users only have read and execute, not write. This is good, as a regular as system user wouldn’t be able to modify this script and therefore be able to run commands as root by simply restarting the system and having the script run. As a good measure though, if you are really concerned about the security of your system, you should be aware of what .plist files are in the /Library/LaunchDaemons and check the permissions of any script that is run by these .plist files to ensure that permissions are set correctly. It could easily happen that a lazy developer of a third party application not set permissions correctly and open your system up to a potential vulnerability very easily. /Library/LaunchDaemons is much more important than /Library/LaunchAgents or /User/username/Library/LaunchAgents, since the latter two run scripts with only user permissions, not as root.
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Cleaning Up Startup Items
Now that you know how .plist files work and what they do, it shouldn’t be difficult to weed out any application scripts that you don’t want. You’ll need to su to escalate privileges before you edit .plist files in their default locations, as the root user is the owner of all of them and is the only user who has write access. I would recommend moving files from their default location and in to a backup folder so they can be replaced if it turns out that removing them breaks applications, as opposed to just deleting them and hoping for the best. For the couple of Adobe CS applications I have installed, removing all of the com.adobe.* files from the above User locations didn’t affect any of those applications’ ability to load and work properly.
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If you enjoyed this tutorial and would like to see more, please feel free to share this article on social media, comment below letting me know what else you’d like to see, and follow me on Twitter @JROlmstead.